今天這篇“天行人不斷學(xué)習(xí)系列七之化學(xué)學(xué)科探索篇”的作者是天行化學(xué)組學(xué)科組長吳四華Sally老師。這次學(xué)習(xí)交流，讓Sally老師看到了自己在教中存在的不足，也深刻體會(huì)到了比成績更重要的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的興趣、化學(xué)素養(yǎng)和思維方式。Birkdale學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)之旅收獲很多，也有待于Sally老師日后一一去踐行，相信會(huì)如她所說，成為更優(yōu)秀的天行老師，培養(yǎng)出更優(yōu)秀的天行學(xué)子。
這次英國Birkdale學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)之旅，感觸很多。首先，非常感謝學(xué)校給我這次學(xué)習(xí)交流的機(jī)會(huì)，我也很慶幸自己選擇了天行，我相信一個(gè)懂得投資老師、愿意投資老師的學(xué)校，必將成為一所能夠長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的一流學(xué)校。其次，這次學(xué)習(xí)交流，確實(shí)讓我看到了自己的教學(xué)中存在的不足，讓我體會(huì)到我們真正要教會(huì)學(xué)生的并不是知識(shí)本身，而是一種學(xué)習(xí)能力和思維方式。然后，這次學(xué)習(xí)讓我對我們新校區(qū)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)計(jì)有了一些思路，這里的實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)計(jì)非?？茖W(xué)實(shí)用。最后，讓我感觸很深的是，老師們的分享心態(tài)和合作精神。
I have gained a lot when I came back from the study journey in Birkdale School. Firstly, I appreciate Teensen for providing me the chance of exchange. I’m glad I have chosen Teensen, and I believe that a school does well in cultivating their teachers will definitely develop to a top school in the long run. Secondly, I do find the shortcomings in my teaching, and I realize that it is the ability of study and the way of thinking that are what the students should grasp, not only the knowledge itself. Meanwhile, the scientific and useful laboratories in Birkdale inspire me the design of ours in new campus. Finally, I am greatly impressed by selfless sharing and tacit cooperation of teachers in Birkdale.
▲Sally老師與Birkdale化學(xué)組老師在實(shí)驗(yàn)室合影留念
培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的興趣、化學(xué)素養(yǎng)和思維方式
在來英國Birkdale學(xué)校之前，我覺得教學(xué)最主要的目的就是教會(huì)學(xué)生知識(shí)，讓學(xué)生取得好成績，我會(huì)很耐心的把化學(xué)原理講的非常清楚，從本質(zhì)上去分析一些問題，讓學(xué)生知其然并知其所以然。相對于國內(nèi)化學(xué)，A-Level化學(xué)的確更科學(xué)，從體制內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)過來的黃同學(xué)，經(jīng)常會(huì)兩眼發(fā)亮，不由的感嘆：這才是學(xué)化學(xué)。（在體制內(nèi)，有大量的知識(shí)是要去記住的，知識(shí)點(diǎn)很多但是比較零散，學(xué)完感覺只見樹木不見森林。但是在A-level化學(xué)中，她感覺自己學(xué)通了，之前老師讓她記住的知識(shí)她現(xiàn)在知道該如何去解釋，加之很多常數(shù)和元素周期表考試時(shí)都會(huì)提供，并不用去記住，只要會(huì)用就可以，她覺得學(xué)起來更輕松但是學(xué)得更明白了，整個(gè)知識(shí)體系也非常清晰。）在教學(xué)過程中，我不停的邊教邊總結(jié)，盡可能讓學(xué)生少走彎路，學(xué)生做實(shí)驗(yàn)比較費(fèi)時(shí)間，我就會(huì)針對性的去選擇一些考試?？嫉膶?shí)驗(yàn)，以騰出時(shí)間讓學(xué)生多做題，為考試做好準(zhǔn)備。這次高三1班共4人參加CAIE化學(xué)考試，取得2A* 1A 1B，成績還不錯(cuò)，但是我總感覺自己的教學(xué)中還欠缺一些東西。來Birkdale學(xué)習(xí)之后，我深刻意識(shí)到，比成績更重要的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的興趣、化學(xué)素養(yǎng)和思維方式。這些能力培養(yǎng)好了，學(xué)生的成績自然就不會(huì)差，而且只有具備這些能力，我們的學(xué)生才能在以后化學(xué)之路上走的更遠(yuǎn)。
Before I came to Birkdale School, I thought the main teaching purpose is to teach students well in class and then they perform well in exams. I will explain the principles of chemistry clearly and patiently, analyze problems in essence, and let students know what it is and how it comes. Compared with chemistry in ordinary high school, A-Level chemistry is indeed more scientific. Huang, a student transfers from in-system high school, often expresses the amazement with a gleam in her eyes, This is the real chemistry. In ordinary high schools, students are supposed to remember large quantities of knowledge. From these scattered points, she fails to see the wood for the trees. While in A-level chemistry, she has a thorough understanding. She is able to explain the knowledge which she is asked to remember before. Then, constants and periodic table will be provided in exams, and she is only supposed to use them. The whole knowledge system becomes clear, so it is easier for her to learn chemistry. I have kept summarizing in my approach to the learning process so that students could save twists and turns. Since it takes time to make experiments, I would choose experiments frequently tested so that students could save time to prepare for exams. Four students attended CAIE chemistry test this time, and got 2A* 1A 1B. Grades are good but I always feel something inadequate in my teaching. When I come to Birkdale, I realize that the most important is to cultivate their interests, chemical literacy as well as ways of thinking, instead of scores. Within these, they will do a good job in exams. And only within these can our students go even further in chemistry.
怎么樣來培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的這些能力呢？那就是充分體現(xiàn)化學(xué)是一門以實(shí)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)。很多知識(shí)看似很簡單，總以為我們自己教給學(xué)生就可以了，但其實(shí)并不然，學(xué)生通過實(shí)驗(yàn)得出來一些現(xiàn)象，然后自己來一步一步的探究原理，才更能引發(fā)他們的興趣，培養(yǎng)他們的探究能力。Birkdale的學(xué)生參加牛津AQA考試局（英國最大的考試局）的考試，化學(xué)并不考操作實(shí)驗(yàn)，只考理論實(shí)驗(yàn)。但是老師們非常重視平時(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們總共整理出12個(gè)非常具有代表性的實(shí)驗(yàn)，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)有些是按實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟做，也有些是為了達(dá)到實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo)學(xué)生自己來設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)，通過這些實(shí)驗(yàn)，可以全面鍛煉學(xué)生所需要的各種化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)技能，特別是探究能力，給學(xué)生奠定了很好的化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。例如：在學(xué)習(xí)影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率的因素時(shí)，他們不會(huì)直接理論上告訴學(xué)生有哪些因素，而是讓學(xué)生去先做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，同一個(gè)化學(xué)反應(yīng)，在不同溫度下反應(yīng)速率怎么變，不同反應(yīng)物濃度下反應(yīng)速率又會(huì)怎么變化的，有無催化劑反應(yīng)速率又怎樣變化。學(xué)生根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，自己來總結(jié)影響反應(yīng)速率的因素有哪些，然后再一起從理論上去解釋原理。在這個(gè)過程中，既引發(fā)了學(xué)生的興趣，也鍛煉了學(xué)生的探究能力，最重要的是，學(xué)生親自做了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，有了視覺、聽覺和觸覺各方面的印象，對知識(shí)掌握非常好。
So how to cultivate students in these aspects? The key is to fully embody that chemistry is a science based on experiments. Most knowledge seems very simple, and we always think it is enough to teach by ourselves, but in fact, it is not. Students get phenomena through experiments, and explore the basic step by step, which could arouse their interests and cultivate their exploration ability. Students in Birkdale take the test of Oxford AQA, the largest Examination Bureau in the UK. Although operation experiments are not on the list of exam, but only theoretical experiments, teachers still attach great importance to ordinary experiments. They sort out 12 representative experiments in total. Some experiments are requested experimental steps, and some are designed by students themselves to achieve the objectives. The experiments could fully exercise their chemical experiment skills, especially the ability of inquiry, which builds a good chemical foundation for students. For example, when it turns to the factors affecting the chemical reaction rate, teachers will not directly tell the students in theory, but to let them make experiments firstly. The experiments aim at the same chemical reaction, to learn how the reaction rate changes under different temperatures, and what about under different reactant concentrations, or with or without catalyst. According to the results, students will summarize the factors and explain the theory together. The process not only arouses the their interests, but also exercises their inquiry ability. Most importantly, students have done experiments in person, so they have a good command of knowledge with the impression of vision, hearing and touch.
▲探究不同氫氧化物溶解度的差異
這邊每個(gè)學(xué)科都有幾個(gè)專用教室，化學(xué)專用教室就是化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。這里的實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)計(jì)非常好，每個(gè)空間充分利用，所有儀器分類放置，四周是水槽、實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)和儲(chǔ)物柜，中間的臺(tái)面既是實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)又是課桌，因此實(shí)驗(yàn)室既可以用來做實(shí)驗(yàn)，也可以用來上理論課；實(shí)驗(yàn)室還有專門的管理員，會(huì)很細(xì)心的為老師準(zhǔn)備演示實(shí)驗(yàn)和學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn)所需要的儀器和試劑。實(shí)驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)備室有很多柜子和置物架，所有的東西歸類非常清楚，而且貼好了標(biāo)簽，即使實(shí)驗(yàn)老師不在，任課老師也能很快的找到所需要的儀器或試劑；他們還有很多非常實(shí)用的儀器，專門用來收納和洗滌，準(zhǔn)備室有通風(fēng)設(shè)備，即使放了很多試劑，空氣質(zhì)量還是很不錯(cuò)，整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和準(zhǔn)備室的設(shè)計(jì)非常值得借鑒。
Each subject in Birkdale is equipped with several dedicated classrooms, and for chemistry is the chemistry laboratory. The labs are well designed and fully utilized. All instruments are placed in categories. There are water tanks, experiment tables and lockers around, and the table in the middle is both the experiment table and the desk. Therefore, students could make experiments and have theoretical lessons in the laboratory. There are special administrators for each room, who will carefully prepare the instruments and reagents for teachers to make the demonstration experiments and for students as well. Cabinets and shelves are provided in the preparation room. All the things are classified with labels. Even if the administrators is out, teachers can quickly find the required instruments or reagents. There are also practical instruments specially used for storage and washing. The preparation room is equipped with ventilation equipment. The air is quite good even with many reagents. The design of the whole laboratory and preparation room is worth learning.
▲分類放好的各種儀器
▲統(tǒng)一放置在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的護(hù)目鏡
▲科學(xué)實(shí)用的實(shí)驗(yàn)室
▲儲(chǔ)藏室里存放的試劑
老師之間熱衷于分享與合作
最后，我想談下老師們的分享心態(tài)和合作精神，A-Level化學(xué)課每周8節(jié)，一個(gè)班的化學(xué)課通常是兩位老師一起上，各自負(fù)責(zé)幾個(gè)部分，合作的非常好。這樣一方面減輕了老師的備課量；另一方面，也在一定程度上減少了學(xué)生的遺忘，節(jié)約了復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間。老師們?nèi)ε浜?、共同培養(yǎng)，取得了不錯(cuò)的效果。另外，這里的老師非常樂于分享，會(huì)毫不吝嗇的把自己多年教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)出來的東西與你分享，他們真正的熱愛教育事業(yè)，也培養(yǎng)出優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生進(jìn)入了牛劍。
In the end, I would like to talk about the selfless sharing and tacit cooperation of teachers in Birkdale. There are 8 A-Level chemistry lessons every week. Each lesson for one class is usually held by two teachers jointly. They are responsible for different parts and cooperate well with each other. It not only lessens the preparation for teachers, but also slows down the forgetting for students to a certain extent, and saves their review time. The joint cooperation and cultivation achieve good results. In addition, teachers here are willing to share teaching experience they have accumulated for years. They possess true love towards education, and help excellent students to Oxford University and Cambridge University.
▲老師們整潔清晰的板書
▲圖書館里的書籍
總之，這次學(xué)習(xí)收獲很多，有待于以后一一去踐行，希望自己能成為更優(yōu)秀的天行老師，培養(yǎng)出更優(yōu)秀的天行學(xué)子，也期待天行成為一流的國際學(xué)校。
Above all, I gain valuable experience from the journey, and it will be practiced gradually in the future. I hope to be a better teacher and cultivate better students in Teensen. May Teensen become a top international school.
End
撰寫：Sally 吳四華
編輯：Wendy 賈西貝
翻譯：Sydia 熊文琪
朗讀：Lucas 高旭東
Irene 巫倩宇
主編：Jane 肖 依
總編：Gary 高 陸
來源：天行一中
